A Dissertation Proposal on Dispute Initiation Under the WTO - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1904 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Dissertation Proposal 1 The trend and scale of developing countries Disputes initiation under the WTO Introduction Disputes between nations that result from commercial conflict or any other relation issues are usually resolved through international arbitration. The conflicting parties usually select an arbitrator or an arbitrator that helps them come to a mutual contract to honor by both the conflicting parties. This mutual agreement also forms part of the future resolution of conflicts between such parties. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Dissertation Proposal on Dispute Initiation Under the WTO" essay for you Create order The aim of international arbitration is to solve international disputes amicably between states. This conflict resolution should be done without going into the bureaucratic details of a given states judicial system. The use of such method of solving disputes also reduces the impact of cultural hindrances in court related litigations In the past few years, international arbitrations have grown in popularity and stature. There are a number of reasons that have led to the growth and popularity of this type of arbitration. This is mainly dependent on the fact that this form of contracts has unique characteristics that make it favorable for use between nations. The growth in the use of this type of contract implies that there should be a considerable amount of literature about the subject. This paper gives a proposal for a dissertation on one of the identified literature gaps in the subject of the international commercial arbitration exercise. Context of the project To understand the benefits of international arbitrations, it is also important to look at both the advantages posed by this system and the disadvantages of the ordinary national court processes. The flaws of international court processes will provide insights into the benefits of opting for an international arbitration process other than the court process. Some of the main benefits of arbitration include the control of the process by the conflicting parties. In this perspective, the parties have the power to decide when and where to commence the depositions. The parties in conflict can make their own decision on the use of technology like video links to conduct meetings or depositions. This is normally not a possibility in the traditional national court processes. In this case, the two parties have to agree with the decision of the court. The court sets all the important milestones of the litigation and parties have to comply. Another benefit of the international arbitration process is closel y linked to the amount of time consumed and the level of expenditure in these arbitrations. As compared to national litigations, arbitrations take a considerably short amount of time. The implication in this kind of setting is that the shorter the time the lesser the amount of time the nation will have to pay. In litigations, the biggest share of the resources goes towards the payment of attorneys over the litigation period. If this period is shortened, then the costs are significantly reduced. Other reasons for preference of this kind of service include the flexibility of the process to meet the need o f the two parties and the confidentiality of the information that is discussed in these arbitrations. From this preceding discussion, it is important to acknowledge the fact that international arbitration has become common ground between states. Its applicability in international relationships and international commercial conflicts has become extremely important. The core issues t hat arise in developing countries as a result of arbitration are the scale of the award and the enforcement of such awards. As noted in BuÃÆ'ŒË† Hring-Uhle, Kirchhoff Scherer, (2006, p. 63), enforcing an award is quiet easy in a foreign country. However, in different jurisdictions, the laws or conventions that are used could provide for no specific actions to engage during or in the case of an award. Rubino-Sammartano (2001, p 163), opines that since international investment disputes have taken the same trend, there is bound to be a bias against developing countries. The bias against developing counties is as a result of the fact that many critics see international arbitrations as favoring the investing side and not the recipient. As such, the use of international arbitration in commercial disputes involving both developed and developing nations is a form of oppression to the developing nation. This study further supports this notion by indicating that in internati onal investment conflicts, the investors cannot be treated as a nation. This is due to the reason that such persons or group of investors have no international law personality and are not recognized by international treaties. This is a breach of the ethics of international law. The arbitration process would also be out rightly unfair to the developing nation. The involvement of the mother states of the investors in this arbitration can be viewed as an unfair approach to conflict resolution. This is because of the idea that the private investor was acting not on behalf of the interest of their states but for the purpose of self-gain. The debate on fairness has been advanced over a long period. According to a number of critics, the feeling is that party appointed arbiters, the arbiters will act as attorneys of the party appointing them. Due to this the outcome of the arbitration process might not be fair. Such challenges are common to many judicial systems. However, the provisions of the New York Convention provide that the arbiters should act in the best interest of the process. In Gusy, Hosking Schwarz (2011, p 104), identifies the fact that most of the challenges in arbitrations often result from the large number of participants in these arbitrations. The increase in participants does not serve to improve the efficiency of the arbitration process but makes it more complex. As such conflicts that would have taken a shorter time and fewer resources to handle takes a protracted amount of negotiations. In some cases, the study also identifies the fact that this can be a source of failure of the arbitration process. Some countries have developed immunity defense to cope with the negative impact of international commercial arbitration. In such countries, their sovereignty clause is cited to imply that it is not possible for another nation to enforce an award in their territory (Ismaili, 2003, p. 156). However, this study suggests that since there is an exist ence of a contract after the arbitration, then it is imperative that the award is enforced. As such any laws that bar the enforcement of the contract takes a backseat. The New York Convention, set the enforcement of an award is binding globally in the resolution of such disputes. The conventions requirement is that all the parties are given equal opportunity to be heard before the due process of enforcing an award. Hypothesis The aim of this literature is to show the relationship between international arbitrations involving developed and developing nations and the declining trend on the use of arbitration by developing countries. . Research question The main question to be answered is the existence of any relationship between the declining levels of use of arbitration in developing countries an unfair arbitration by developed countries. In this question, the study will try to establish the following aspects Do investors from developed nations use international comm ercial arbitration in dealing with disputes between them and the developing countries? What are the current trends in the consumption of arbitration in developing countries? What are the most probable outcomes in commercial conflicts involving developed and developing nations? How do developed nations enforce awards in commercial disputes that pit them against developing nations and what are the probable impacts of the same? Who are the most likely arbiters in conflicts involving developed and developing nations? Methodology Before conducting a study, the first process is to choose a research methodology that best fits the data the researcher needs to collect and the research objectives. A quantitative research, for instance, is essential when one wishes to provide a postulation on facts that can be quantified in figures. This type of research best fits research objectives that need to be explained in terms of the amount (Handler, Kennelly, Peacock, 2011, p.8). This study will involve a mixed method approach in reaching the objectives of the project. This mix of technique is known as blending or triangulation. This ensures that much of the perspectives being investigated are captured within a study (Thomas, 2003, p. 57). First, the paper will use a quantitative approach. This will involve gathering of information or statistics from relevant agencies about the subject of discussion. Here the main data collected are the total number of cases that have involved developing countries and developed countries. This data or statistics will then be analyzed in order to determine the relationships that exist that aim at showing the validity of the research questions. The use of statistics software will be employed to perform a regression on the data. The most common statistical tool used, in this case, is the SPSS software that harnesses the power of computers in performing regressions. Both primary and secondary data sources will be consider ed, in this case. The primary source of this data will be the national arbitration associations databases available online and publications. The secondary source of information or data will be from peer-reviewed articles and journals. The journals are particularly essential because they provide data and opinions of other scholars in the same field of study. A qualitative study will also be involved in this study. The aim of this qualitative study is to determine the main causes that could lead to the type of behavior exhibited by the statistics. In behavioral sciences, qualitative approaches of research provide a suitable modeling to making the connections (Stommel Wills, 2004, p. 279). It is for this reason that the second part of the study implements a qualitative approach in research methods. The aim of the method used here is to come up with a sort of explanation that will go along with the findings in the quantitative research. To conduct this qualitative review, a numbe r of experts and stake holders will be identified for interviews. This is to seek their opinion on the possible trends that have been revealed by the study. The interviews will be administered through the use of internet mail and in person where possible. Through administering the interviews by email, a wider sample with a variety of opinion reached. The impact of this is that there is a wide information base to analyze increasing the level of consistency of the explanation of the phenomenon. Secondary sources will also be used in this study, and this includes the analysis of literature available on the subject under discussion. Bibliography BUÃÆ'ŒË† HRING-UHLE, C., KIRCHHOFF, L., SCHERER, G. (2006). Arbitration and mediation in international business. Alphen aan den Rijn (Netherlands), Kluwer Law International. GUSY, M. F., HOSKING, J. M., SCHWARZ, F. T. (2011). A guide to the ICDR international arbitration rules. Oxford, Oxford University Press. HANDLER, A., KENNELLY, J., PEACOCK, N. R. (2011). Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in reproductive and perinatal outcomes the evidence from population-based interventions. New York, Springer ISMAILI, M. A. (2013) Globalization and New International Public Works Agreements in Developing countries. Burlington, Ashgate publishers. KAUFMANN-KOHLER, G., STUCKI, B. (2004). International Arbitration in Switzerland: a handbook for practitioners. The Hague, Kluwer Law Int. [u.a.]. RUBINO-SAMMARTANO, M. (2001). International arbitration law and practice. The Hague [u.a.], Kluwer Law International. STOMMEL, M., WILLS, C. (2004). Clinical research: concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. THOMAS, R. M. (2003). Blending qualitative quantitative research methods in theses and dissertations. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Corwin Press.

The Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye Essay example

The Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger In life there comes a time when everyone thinks that they are surrounded by phoniness. This often happens during the teen years when the person is trying to find a sense of direction. Holden Caulfield, a 16-year-old teen-ager is trying to find his sense of direction in J.D. Salingers, The Catcher In The Rye. Holden has recently been expelled from Pency Prep for failing four out of his five classes. He decides to start his Christmas recess early and head out to New York. While in New York Holden faces new experiences, tough times and a world of phony. Holden is surrounded by phoniness because that is the word he uses to identify everything in the world that†¦show more content†¦Holden hates those magazines that the steward sells on the train. Holden cites, I can usually even read one of those dumb stories in a magazine without puking. You know. One of those stories with a lot of phony, lean-jawed guys named David in it, and a lot of phony girls named Linda or Mar cia that are always lighting all the goddam Davids pipes for them (53). Holden cannot stand that all the stupid same old stories. The ones where there is always a hero and saves someone that is in trouble. After that Holden felt a little down so he decided to pass the time. Holden knows this girl named Sally Hayes. They used to send a lot of time together when they were younger. Holden is bored and decides to give her a call. He calls her and her father answers and then gives the phone to Sally. Sally Hayes picked up the phone and asks, yes--who is this? Holden goes on to state, she was quite a little phony. Id already told her father who it was (106). Holden cannot believe that she knows who is calling but asks for no reason. Sally is just trying to play a stupid game that Holden would rather not want to play at any time. Since Holden got kicked out of Ossenburger hall because he is failing four out of his five classes, he cannot go home until Christmas break starts. He wonders into New York for a couple of days to hang out. Holden decides to go to a bar a get drunk to pass the time. Well, he does findShow MoreRelatedTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 PagesA Separate Peace b y John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality rather than conformity. Similarly, The Catcher in the Rye is the story of a teenage boy who despises the phoniness of society and fears becoming just another phony adult. Both novels share similar characteristics including their utilization ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesCatcher in the Rye Catcher in the Rye: A Coming of Age Tale This novel explores many themes that are commonly felt by teenagers. Salinger’s novel discusses Holden’s stand against phoniness. Another major theme running through the novel is self-loathing, and while it may not be quite that extreme in all cases, most teenagers go through the â€Å"awkward† stage. Loneliness is also expressed in the novel. Every teenager goes through a time were they feel like they’re alienatedRead MoreThe Themes of The Catcher in the Rye840 Words   |  3 PagesConsidered one of the best novels of the 20th century, The Catcher in the Rye has affected readers around the globe since its publication in 1951. Its contemporary critics, however, gave the novel mixed reviews. Compared to the ideals of 1950s America, Holden Caulfield, the emotionally immature, extremely judgmental, teen-aged main character of â€Å"Catcher,† embodies the antithesis. Holden was an affront to the new social order, which demanded conformity and propagated the â€Å"father knows best† mentalityRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. TheRead MoreAlienation and Isolation in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger700 Words   |  3 PagesTouch with Society In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger discusses the ideas of alienation and isolation. He notes that if one is unable to keep up with society they lose touch. Salinger portrays alienation and isolation through literary devices such as symbolism. Some of the symbolic features use in the novel is Holden’s red hunting hat which shows Holden’s uncommon desire compared to society’s desires. Another significant symbolic feature is the catcher in the rye; this represents Holden’s ideaRead MoreCatcher in the Rye776 Words   |  4 PagesResearch pap. Catcher in the Rye is a book of many themes of many different types of different things. The main character of the book is Holden Caulfield, this guy has major problems. He’s alone and he knows it, he hates everyone and judges them too. Some themes of this story are the sadness, the lies and deceit, and Holden’s youth. Every one of these themes describe Holden in different ways, mostly it describes what he’s like. SADNESS Sadness permeates The Catcher in the Rye. Main characterRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye900 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, the characters help portray many themes. J.D Saligner creatively infused his work with varying themes. Holden unknowingly magnifies the importance of the themes, of which he is often times oblivious. This novel is sophisticatedly written in a manner that allows us to see all the themes clearly. The themes portrayed in the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger include phoniness, psychological alienation, and futile protection of innocence

Field of Social Work in Child Practice Free Essays

string(220) " that Compete with the Field of Child Welfare Political conservations and government cut backs on social reform, media and societal oppositions continue to be a constant challenge to the field of social work in general\." Field of Social Work Practice in Child Welfare Definition of the Field The Encyclopedia Britannica defines child welfare as services and institutions concerned with the physical, social and psychological well-being of children, particularly children suffering from the effects of poverty or lacking normal parental care and supervision (Child Welfare, 2010). Working with children and families is the second largest area of practice for social workers, and it is most popular with those who have a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) Degree (Berg-Weger, 2010). National Organizations Addressing Child Welfare Practice A brief description of The Child Welfare System helps to better understand the role of social workers in this field. We will write a custom essay sample on Field of Social Work in Child Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), The Child Welfare system emerged. Primarily state and local regulated, this system encompasses the primary responsibility of implementing, overseeing and enforcing laws and policies aligned to protect the welfare of children. Services provided under the child welfare system include the following: †¢ Support or coordinate service to prevent child abuse and neglect †¢ Provide services to families that need help protecting and caring for their children †¢ Oversee the investigation of reports of possible child abuse and neglect †¢ Oversee temporary and foster care of children when safety cannot be assured at home †¢ Support the well-being of children living with relatives or foster families, including ensuring their educational needs are addressed †¢ Oversee family reunification, adoption or other permanent family connections for children and youth leaving foster care Although each state has a public child welfare agency, the child welfare system is not a single entity. Public child welfare agencies often collaborate with private child welfare agencies, community-based organizations and other public agencies to ensure that abused or neglected children receive the services they ne ed. The Children’s Bureau (CB), another national organization, is the first federal agency within the United States (U. S. ) overnment to focus exclusively on the improving the lives of children and families. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is a professional organization created specifically for the social work profession and serves to provide information and education to the profession and advocate on behalf of social work professionals (Berg-Weger, 2010). The Social Work Policy Institution (SWPI) is a unit within the NASW whose primary responsibility is to examine issues that relate to social workers and perform research to gather empirical data and statistics that directly and indirectly impact how public agencies and other structures deliver health and human services. The mission of SWPI is to strengthen the voice of social workers in public policy deliberations, inform policymakers through collection and dissemination of information on social work effectiveness, and to create a forum to examine current and future issues in health care and social service delivery (Social Work Policy Institute,2012 ). The Role of Child Welfare Social Workers The role of the social worker in the field of child welfare involves a wide variety of settings within the child welfare system which includes direct involvement with an array of external professions and agencies (e. g. courts, law enforcement, psychiatrists, psychologists and other health care delivery team professionals). This collaboration is necessary to better ensure a holistic and efficient resolution approach for clients such that the safety and best interest of the child is always first and foremost; while working toward the goal of family reunification when feasible. The role of the child welfare social worker entails: †¢ On-going follow-ups and investigation of reports of possible child abuse and/or neglect †¢ Meticulous assessments / detailed reports, and recommendations to courts and other services within the child welfare system †¢ Coordination of supportive child care, parenting classes, and in-home family preservation services †¢ On-going follow-ups, monitoring child and family progress and evaluations of planned outcomes †¢ When applicable, coordination and follow-up of mental health services, counseling and substance abuse treatment †¢ A liaison between client(s)and other multi-collaborative team members In addition, one of the most significant roles of the child welfare social worker is the mandated reporting of child abuse. Social workers have a legal responsibility to report suspicion of any form of child abuse and/or exploitation regardless to whether the information is based on direct or indirect knowled ge of incidents. The social worker works closely with local law enforcement agencies and family court systems that rely heavily on the high quality assessments as well as other recommendations from the social worker in order to implement immediate safeguards and/or take immediate action when necessary to remove a child from a harmful or potentially harmful environment. Family preservation and implementing measures that safeguard the child, and acting in the best interest of the child is always the overall goal collectively within the child welfare system and individually for the social worker when making decisions, recommendations and referrals on behalf of a child. Social Problems in the Field Although the field of child welfare encompasses a variety of issues within the practice settings of family services, adoption programs and elementary and secondary school settings, child abuse is one of the most serious issues facing social workers in this field (Berg-Weger, 2010). This issue alone, reported by the SWPI, has created an emotional toll on social workers in the field of child welfare along with a steady increase in caseloads ranging from ten to one hundred and ten cases per social worker (The Social Work Career Center, 2012). This makes recruitment and retention in this field an on-going challenge. As front-line workers in the protection of children, social workers in this field are at high risk of becoming victims of violence as they are not usually accompanied by law enforcement during the initial follow-up on reports of abuse. Another area within the child welfare system that creates a social dilemma is the costs associated with child abuse and neglect mainly including hospital care and foster care. The social and economic consequences and costs of child abuse and neglect impact our society both directly and indirectly. The greatest cost being the displacement and offense against children. Professions that Compete with the Field of Child Welfare Political conservations and government cut backs on social reform, media and societal oppositions continue to be a constant challenge to the field of social work in general. You read "Field of Social Work in Child Practice" in category "Papers" Particularly in the field of child welfare, and despite the fortitude of those who remain committed to the client goal of finding families more quickly through safe reunification, adoption, and legal guardianship, the difficult and challenging daily tasks of child welfare social workers are seldom publicly acknowledged unless under scrutiny. Moreover, due to the complexities of the child welfare system, one hundred percent safety for all children is a goal to be achieved, but is rarely attained. Child welfare is a field of practice that is identified by the public as being primarily a social work domain. However, less than thirty percent of child welfare workers have a professional social work degree (BSW or Master of Social Work (MSW)). In some states the number of professional social workers in public child welfare is as low as three percent, with fewer than fifteen percent of states requiring a BSW or MSW degree for any child welfare position (Social Work Policy Institute,2012). In addition, there is a high turnover with the highest turnover rates from those who are hired with the least educational background and training (Social Work Policy Institute,2012). This dilemma creates a higher caseload and workload on those who hold the longest record of remaining in the field. That is, the degreed professionals (Social Work Policy Institute,2012). Job Opportunities According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the number of children under the age of 18 in the U. S. has grown from forty-seven million since 1950 to seventy-three point five million. By the year 2030, this number is expected to grow to eighty-five point seven million. The BLS also estimates the need for 595,000 social workers, with an expected growth of twenty percent employment of child welfare social workers. The average growth rate for all occupations is fourteen percent. The demand for child and family social workers should continue to grow because they will be needed to investigate child abuse cases and to place children in foster care and with adoptive families. However, growth in this occupation is subject to limited budget constraints at all levels of government which will have impact on closing the gap on the shortage of social workers in this field and overall job opportunities. Salaries vary depending on location, experience and benefits offered. However, the median annual wage as reported by BLS is $40,210 annually (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2012). Important Trends The CB reported that in any given year an estimation of one million children come to the attention of the child welfare system. In 2010 an estimated 701,158 children were determined to be victims of abuse and neglect and an estimated 1,537 children died related to child abuse or neglect. As the NASW Center for Workforce Studies states, child abuse and neglect occur in all segments of society, within families from all walks of life, at all income levels, all religious denominations and all racial and cultural backgrounds. These facts indicate that child welfare requires knowledge and skills in assessment, active engagement, intervention, the use of authority, and an expert ability to negotiate and manage appropriate community resources for an immeasurable client base. This further indicates a need for more comprehensive strategies that target both the recruitment and education of the next generation of professional social workers, and the training of current practitioners. The NASW reports that currently, hiring requirements for social workers in child welfare vary. Targets for action as reported by the SWPI include influencing social work education as a requirement to practice in the field, expanding use of data and research, influencing service delivery, and strengthening policy and practice linkages. The NASW continues to advocate for measures to decrease the shortage of social workers in the field of child welfare social work and to ensure consumers have access to qualified professionals. One such measure to recruit more degreed child welfare social workers is promoting student loan forgiveness for social work college graduates. For example, while The Higher Education Act has been authorized by Congress to offer loan forgiveness, they have yet to allocate the funds toward this program to pay-off student loans (The Social Work Career Center, 2012). However, the NASW remains vocal on behalf of social workers to get funds appropriated for this program. These are just a few examples of the on-going work to improve working conditions, salaries and other benefits for members of the profession. Other sources include the College Cost Reduction Act of 2007 that also offers a loan forgiveness program that will discharge any remaining educational debt after ten years of full-time employment in public service. These shifts mark significant trends toward improved support of social workers particularly in the field of child welfare, and even more promising employment opportunities for social work graduates who are interested in child welfare. Summary A unique aspect in the area of child welfare is working closely and diligently to combat one of the most sensitive issues of our society, that is, the abuse and/or neglect of children. This aspect alone makes the decision to pursue a career in child welfare a most rewarding one but challenging at the same time. The field of child welfare is professionally, emotionally, and personally taxing, and often misunderstood and under-supported. With the reported rates of child population growth and the alarming rates of reported child abuse, the need for well trained and educated social workers is critical to this field of social work in particular. In order to provide adequate and improved support for social workers and the children and families who encompass this field, supportive efforts on the part of state and federal levels, and other organizations like NASW and SWPI helps to offer a more promising outlook and outcomes for all who remain committed to achieve a most difficult task of one hundred percent safety of all children. How to cite Field of Social Work in Child Practice, Papers

A Wrinkle In Time Essay Example For Students

A Wrinkle In Time Essay A Wrinkle in TimeBy Madeline LEngleIn Willstead town, in North Carolina strange things are happening. Do you want to know more? Well in A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle, a wonderful writer tells all the weird things that are happening. The setting of this story is on North Carolina, at the town of Willstead in the year of 2005. One day Margaret was left by the Aliens when she was two- months old at planet Earth, and was found by the Murrie’s, a nice couple, that had one year of marriage. Several years had passed and Margaret grew up like a normal girl. Now she has twin brothers and a Collie dog. At school everybody thinks that she is a freak, but she is a ten-year-old girl, with beautiful eyes and a lot of intelligence. She is an alien but no one knows not even her. Margaret came to Earth by a computer fraud that caused a wrinkle in time. An old woman called Mrs. Whatsit came to Earth with a job to take Margaret back. She visits Margaret and buys her nice things to win Margaret’s confidence. Mrs. Whatsit lived in the middle of the woods. One day a robbery had been reported to the police. It was a missing blanket and the thief was Mrs. Whatsit because she needed a lot of warmth because planet Earth was too cold for them. The Tesseract that is the name of the species that Margaret and Mrs. Whats it belong to. At school some rare people that were the same species of Margaret went to do a contest. Margaret won the contest but this was no contest this were a series of exams that they had to do to Margaret to see if she could live in her home planet and see if she was fit to live there. Mrs. Whatsit was there and after the exams she sat down Margaret and started telling everything about her species and how she got here. At first Margaret didn’t believe it but afterwards she started understanding all the things she had passed through all alone with no one that could understand her. Mrs. Whatsit tells Margaret if she wants to go back where she is supposed to be and she stayed thinking and told her she would tell her later. Each day Mrs. Whatsit and Margaret went together to the park and Mrs. Whatsit told her everything about their planet. The Murrie’s had planed a trip to the beach but Margaret preferred to stay at home; that was the perfect moment to take Margaret to see their planet. Mrs. Whatsit took out from her purse a small device pointed it to the sky and it opened like a tunnel that lead you exactly where you belonged. Suddenly they arrived to a beautiful green village that later on she could remember it whenever she wanted by closing her eyes. The people were kind of strange but very generous to the people they knew. It was time to leave and the next thing she remembered was the green. A month had passed and Margaret was ready to leave planet Earth she was writing a thank you note to the Murrie’s because they wouldn’t understand anything that was going on. Mrs. Whatsit was ready to leave. She was tired of wearing all those coats. They left the planet, now they were at home; she visited the tumbs of Her real parents every now and then. The problem with her original planet is that one month there is one year on Earth. Mrs. Whatsit and Margaret visit Earth every two months to see how the twins are doing, they are now eighte en years old, and Margaret is still twelve. .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .postImageUrl , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:hover , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:visited , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:active { border:0!important; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:active , .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655 .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff367e56aa309e3ab777dc2f96c99655:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Religion In America, 1492-1790 Essay My favorite part is when Margaret decides where she is going to live because this is an important decision to take when you are only ten years old. Her decision was very wise because there she would fell confortable with the people that surround her. My favorite part is when Margaret leaves the note for the Murrie’s because I think that she had rather explained to them because in some way they would understand so that they had picked her up abandoned in the street. The Theme of this story is that you have to go where you belong so you can feel good because you should live among the persons you deserve to live with. I recommend this book to any one that thinks we’re alone on this Universe because we aren’t and I know because it’s like impossible that we are the only specie on this enormous space. If you think we are just see the stars and you will answer this question. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHYEncarta 1998 cd-romLarousse (English and Spanish dictionary)A Wrinkle In Time by Madeline LEngleBook Reports

History of Fiber Optics free essay sample

Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet demonstrated the principle of guiding light by refraction. * It was followed by a public demonstration by John Tyndal in 1852. In 1870, Tyndal wrote about the property of total internal reflection in his book about the nature of light. * In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and Sumner Tainter invented the Photophone, a device capable of transmitting sound waves over beam of light. This is considered as mankind’s first attempt to to use light for carrying information. * In 1930, Clarence Hansel and John Logie Baird demonstrated independently image transmission using fiber. * In 1940’s, Heinrich Lamm successfully transmitted images through a single glass fiber used for internal medical examinations. * In 1951, Harold Hopkins and Narinder Singh Kapany experimented with light transmission through bundles of fiber. Their study led to the development of the flexible fiberscope, which is used in the medical field. It was also Kapany who coined the term fiber optics in 1956. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Fiber Optics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * In 1953, Charles Townes and two of his graduate students developed the MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), and in 1960, Theodore Maiman developed the first LASER ( Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). In 1967, Charles Kao and George Bockham of the Standard Telecommunications Laboratory proposed the cladded fiber cables. * In 1970, Robert Maurer, Donalk Keck and Kapron of Corning Glass developed the first fiber optics with losses less than 2dB/Km. * In 1980’s, losses in fiber optics were reduced to as low as 0. 16 dB/Km. This is due to the development of high-quality light sources and detectors. * In 1990’s, the photonic crystal fiber was developed that can carry high power than the conventional silica based fibers.

The Wolf and the Buffalo essays

The Wolf and the Buffalo essays Throughout history mankind has had many social and racial inequalities. Sometimes its these inequalities that help motivate people to do certain things. In The Wolf and the Buffalo Kelton illustrates the social inequalities that existed in post Civil War Texas and between black and white soldiers and the blacks and whites against the Indians. Kelton also ties in the motives for people interacting with one another in the way that they do. Many characters in the book were motivated differently to do the things they did. However in the case of Gideon his motives changed a few times throughout the book. At first he was just saving up for a farm of his own, and then when he met Hannah she became his motivation. When she leaves his motivation temporarily checks out too. It dont matter. Everything I was savin it for is gone (210). He doesnt even care that Finley had stolen all of his money that he was saving for his farm because Hannah was out of his life. When the troops get lost in the desert and it looks like they will all die even Hollander loses his motivation to keep looking for water. Hollander extended his silver watch....he managed a few clear words. Wife. Give to my wife and baby.....Gideon replies, No! Youll live. You give it to her (358-9). Gideon reminded Hollander that his motivation WAS his wife and child and that they were enough to keep him going. Hollander does not forget Gideons actions because he later makes Gideon Sergeant for his leadership he showed. Gray Horse is motivated throughout much of the book by revenge because he thinks his wife and child were murdered. It seemed for a time that only by talking of revenge could Limping Boy kindle the flame of life in his cousins eyes. Anger would sometimes bring the heart to a strong beat, for a while (278). In this case it was revenge that moti...

Contract Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Assignment - Essay Example With at least two forms –the vendors and the purchasers—vying for legal standing the courts find themselves adjudicating a battle of the forms. They must determine what form applies, if any, or, alternately, that neither form applies and by default, a given contractual dispute must be resolved by recourse to the Sale of Goods Act rather than by the terms and conditions set out by either firm. (â€Å"Sale of Goods Act C. 54† 1979) his was the judgement that the court arrived at in â€Å"GHSP INC v. AB ELECTRONIC LTD† [2010] EWHC 1828 (Comm) Case No: 2008 Folio 1353. Neither the form of the seller AB Electronic Ltd. nor that of the purchaser, GHSP Inc. was held to be valid In lieu of a specific contract the court relied on the â€Å"Sale of Goods Act, 1979†. This issue is of considerable importance for both buyers and sellers. Understandably, the sellers standard form will contain terms that are beneficial to the seller while the purchasers form will favour the purchasers interests. Often the determination of which contract is applicable will resolve the dispute, implicitly, in favour of the party whose contract is accepted by the courts. It is for this reason that a battle of the forms can have such great importance. For more than thirty years the courts have relied on Butler Machine Tool Company Ltd. v. EX-CELL-O Corporation (England) Limited† [1977] EWCA Civ 9 Case No. 172 B. No. 234 when confronted with a battle of the forms. Briefly, Butler contracted to produce a production machine for EX-CELL-O Corp. They produced a contract for production of said machine with a price, terms and delivery details. EX-CELL-O responded with acceptance of the price on their own form that contained different details, particularly as they related to additional costs incurred prior to their receipt of the machine. Butlers contract contained a clause allowing them to charge any price increases

Job interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job interview - Essay Example This shows that Baqer is capable of handling tasks that require quick decision making. As a panel an interviewer, I feel that the Baqer Alhashimdid is fit for the job. Baqer Alhashimdid’s questions were technical and they required much thought before answering. The questions focused on one’s ability to make effective decisions fast. Baqer Alhashimdid’s questions were well formulated and could have helped in evaluating how much the interviewee would be able to deal with situations that involved dealing with problems that involved teamwork as is always the case in most organizations. Generally, the questions asked adequately challenging and effective in determining the potential of a person in handling a wide range of situations. As an energy manager, Baqer Alhashimdid’s always has to be competent in ensuring that the organization’s energy supply is reliable. This means that he must be well equipped with various mechanisms that help in the provision of energy taking into consideration the need for back-up energy sources. Having worked in a capacity that involved operations and maintenance scheduling, he is bound to help the company prepare for emergencies that may arise related to his department. As a good team player, he is bound to keep his staff motivated and in providing solutions in the event that conflicts

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 6

Human Resource Management - Essay Example However, this method has been reported to be ineffective because it deny trainees with an opportunity of interacting directly with their experts. Coaching /mentoring is a method that involves an expert in a particular field who is responsible for administering training. Case study method provides trainee with an opportunity to identify and discuss key issues in the work place to see the areas that may require some improvements. Simulation method entails imitation of the actual work experience where trainees are given a chance to try out and learn by performing the actual task. Finally, technology based training involve utilization of various technological devices to learn. Therefore, managers have been recommended to apply the above methods of training but more emphasis should be placed to coaching and technological based training methods because they have proved to be very effective. Further, managers should apply the four key steps of delivering a training program in order to meet trainees’ individual needs as discussed. Introduction Human resource manager play a significant role towards ensuring that training methods have brought success. Normally, human resource managers design various training programs and administer them to employees in order to increase their efficiency and achieve organisation goals/objectives. Human resource manager further employ a combination of group and individual methods to improve employees’ performance as well as to increase their efficiency. In above connection, human resource managers administer various training methods with an aim of increase organisation productivity. On the other hand, training methods being administered may be help to motivate employees to direct their efforts towards realization of organisation goals (Thompson, 2013). Further, training methods provide employees with growth opportunities whereby, employees can be in a position to execute their task more efficiently and effectively. Therefore, human resource manager should carry out an evaluation to see whether the various training methods administered were effective. However, if a training method was not effective, the manager may decide to make necessary improvements to ensure that training method has brought success. In addition, effective training methods may not only be beneficial to employees and organisation but also to the supervisor. This is because an effective training program minimizes the time that supervisor could have spent in supervising employees and hence, does not have to worry since employees are competent with their job (Bianca, 2013). Therefore, this study aims to provide a review of the training methods used to deliver training. Review the training methods used to deliver training Human resource manager is responsible for choosing the training method used to delivering training among his/her employees. However, various factors should be taken into consideration in order to ensure that the method of training utilized meets employee’s needs. Some of the factors that human resource manager should take into consideration when choosing a method of training to be applied include: manager should consider whether the available time will be adequate to cover all the training topics. Secondly, employee’s knowledge should be taken into consideration because not all methods of training can relevant. Some methods might be too technical to some employees while other may appear to be irrelevant. Therefore, the

The Positive Aspects Of Fast Food English Language Essay

The Positive Aspects Of Fast Food English Language Essay 1. The  job  opportunities offered by  fast food  companies Fast food  is consumed  so much by people on  daily basis. There are many fast food outlets in both developed and developing countries. People can easily  see  fast food  restaurants, such as McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chickens (KFC) and Pizza Huts in the street.  Fast food  industry offers more jobs opportunities to the people in  local  areas.  According to McDonalds Australia (2005), McDonalds Australia had 715 restaurants in 2002.  The demand for McDonalds product increases and many people, especially young people can  work  in McDonalds franchisees.  This shows that  fast food  companies successfully make a  contribution  in  solving social unemployment issues. Other studies also show that  university  students work temporally in  fast food  outlets so that their  salary  may  cover  their expenses during their study. This suggests that, to  certain extent,  fast food  industry has some positive effects on peoples life. 2. The convenience of fast food Many people in the  world  like  fast food because of its convenience. In the UK, many women do not have time to do shopping and cook for the family. Many working mothers easily  take  their children to go to the local fast food restaurants such as McDonalds or Burger King to eat. Schlossers (2002)  study  shows that the number of working women has increased significantly and more and more women spend less time cooking at home, therefore, their families spent more on  fast food  meals. McDonalds and KFC have launched many chains in some developing countries, such as China, India, Thailand,  etc. According to Rault-Wack and Bricas (2002),  fast food  industry offers people  convenience  and reduce the burden of cooking at home because  people  may  order  fast food by  telephone  or online so the food can be delivered  shortly. It is  very  easy and convenient to  have  fast food for a meal after  school/work. 3. The low price of fast food The price for fast food in  fast food  outlet is  very  low  thus  most families in the UK can afford to eat there.  Fast food  companies  make  their products as  cheap  as possible. According to Schlosser (2002),  fast food  companies try  very  hard to  buy  the ingredients as  cheap  as possible because even a few pennies difference in price is  important  for the success of their business. Based on  cheap  ingredients, fast food outlets can afford to  give  customers a  supersized  portion  for low price. Since most customers cannot resist a bargain, this strategy is  very  effective. It is  very  clear that the low  price  and  big  portion  make fast food more attractive to customers. People pay for fast food whenever they want to  have  it. The negative effects of fast food Fast food has many negative effects on peoples health. 1. Fast food with high salt and saturated fat Fast food  companies encourage people to eat a lot without realising the health issues that can lead to  disease.  Experts from the Medical Research Council (2009) have reported that fast food contains lots of salt and saturated fat.  Fast food is full of calorie, it is easy to be addicted to it and  take  in more calories than people need.  Most of these calories do come from fat and sugar. Eating too much fat and sugar can cause  negative  effects on human health. It is clear that  home  cooked fresh food is healthier than fast food cooked with cheap ingredients. 2. Diabetes caused by fast food The way that fast food  is cooked  and sold have  bad  effects on peoples health. In some developing countries, many children do not have enough food every day. According to Schlosser (2002), the author of Fast Food Nation, the disease caused by eating too much fast food has become the second biggest killer after smoking in USA. American people have suffered from diabetes, especially those who are over 50 years old, because they have eaten too much fast food in their life. Schlosser also states that Americans spend more money on fast food than they spend on higher education tuition fees every year. Meanwhile, British people suffer from eating too much fast food and some people have to  get  medical treatment. As mentioned above, fast food is high in fat, high in refined carbohydrates and high in sugar, but it is  low  in anything of nutritional element. Consequently, many people have got diabetes by eating fast food. In the United States, the case of middle-aged Caesa r Barber shows what happened to his health after eating fast food  frequently. He suffered from diabetes and heart attack. He sues McDonalds, Burger King and other fast food  compaies, claiming that his illnesses were partially those companies fault (Martindale, 2003). Oppositely, these  fast food  companies claimed that it was Caesar Barbers responsibility to choose if he should eat fast food or not. Caesar Barbers failed in this case, but the most  important  is that this case shows that fast food has  bad  effects on peoples health. Therefore, people should not eat fast food.  The  connection  between fast food and childrens obesity Many children go to  fast food  outlets immediately after school. They  like  fast food because they  think  that fast food is  tasty. They spend a lot of time eating fast food and chatting with their friends before they go home. Most fast food outlets offer  big  portions, such as Big Mac, double cheese burger, etc. Children do not want to eat anything for dinner. They do not  do  any  physical  exercises after eating a  big  portion  of fast food. It is  very  bad  that some children just  immediately  go to bed after eating fast food.  The parents from those  disadvantaged  families  do not look after their children properly and  they  allow  their children to sleep  immediately  after eating fast food.  The extra  fat  and salt  store  in childrens body that may  make  children overweight.  In the UK, the government introduced  healthy food  scheme  in schools for some years but still many children, especially those from single-parent families, eat  fast  food as their  dinner  after school. Studies have shown that the UK is the country that has more  fat  children than other European nations.  It is a  big  issue that some doctors  are concerned  about.  Hickmans (2005)  study  shows that obesity has tripled in the UK (p.8). He states that the  increase  of childrens obesity  has been accompanied  by the high sales of fast food.  More fast food  is sold  in  fast food  outlets, more children become  obese  as they are the customers that fast food companies target.  From the above  evidence  it can be seen that fast food is a one of the major causes of childrens obesity.  Conclusion Currently fast food  is consumed  by many young people, especially children in the UK.  On the one hand, fast food has some positive effects.  Fast food  companies open many outlets in the world so that they offer more employments to local people.  Fast food is  convenient  as it saving a lot of cooking time so working mothers do not have to  cook  meals for their children after work.  The  price  of fast food is  very  low  so most families, even those  disadvantaged  families can afford it. On the other hand, fast food contains high salt and fat so many adults  have  suffered from diabetes. Studies show that there is a strong  connection  between fast food and childrens obesity because most of  obese  children eat much fast food  frequently. Therefore, government should help those  disadvantaged  families and encourage them to  cook  fresh  food for their children. Additionally,  fast food  outlets should not be allowe d to  locate  near school premises.  Fast food  companies should not be allowed to  sell  big  portions to children. Meanwhile, working mothers should  manage  to spend more time cooking healthy  food  at home. With the efforts made by both government and parents, children can have more  healthy  diets and the number of children with obesity  will be reduced  sooner or later.

Women in The Fabliaux :: essays research papers

Females are portrayed in the Fabliaux as having certain distinct characteristics. In 'Les Quatre Sohais Saint-Martin';, 'The Chevalier Who Made Cunts Talk';, and 'The Miller's Prologue and Tale'; medieval women are portrayed in similar ways. Women are imaginative and therefor their thoughts must be controlled. They also, in the Fabliaux, crave sex and have sexually creative minds. These three Fabliaux texts present women that are similar and represent commonly held views about the female sex of the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in the Middle Ages were thought of as having wildly creative imaginations. They were capable of much more description and creativity then men. This is portrayed in 'Les Quatre Sohais Saint-Martin';. The peasant women, when presented with her husbands four wishes, begins to wish for pricks all over her husbands body. After first describing her husband's current state as 'soft and like a furry animal'; (lecture notes) she goes on to say that she wishes for big pricks, short pricks, curved pricks, strait pricks, and other kinds all over his body including his ears, knees, forehead, and abdomen. She does not merely wish for one, hard prick but instead lists all the types she can think of. Because the husband only wishes that the 'same comes to her'; (lecture notes) it is obvious that the wife is the one with the creative imagination. In 'The Chevalier Who Made Cunts Talk'; the women are also very imaginative. After the Chevalier rescues the three naked women's c lothes they decide to each present him with a gift as a reward for acting so honorably. The first grants him a loon. The second grants him the ability to make all cunts speak to him. The third, not wanting to be upstaged by the first and second, gives him the talent to make all assholes speak. It is here that the extents of the female imagination are demonstrated. The Chevalier finds these gifts to be so wild that he thought the girls were mocking him: ' 'Those meadow girls made fun of me''; (Guerin 233). In the Middle Ages a woman's imagination was considered a powerful thing that must be controlled. If a woman's thoughts were not controlled there could be drastic consequences like strange characteristics in children. The thoughts and actions of the women in these Fabliaux are representative of this wildly held belief among men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The women in these three Fabliaux are also very interested in sex.

Marriage and Americans

Alicia Evans March 10, 2013 Review on Argo Mrs. Bornac MWF When the movie Argo began to play I thought to myself this movie may not have my interest. The Iran’s were very aggressive toward the Americans because they felt as if we were trying to harm them. I did not understand the language they were speaking. However, the film should have made the CC pop up at the bottom of the screen so we could at least read their conversations.When the Americans began to burn all of the files they had I started to question were they really trying to help the Iran’s or not. The Iran’s started to get serious by shutting the power off in the buildings so the Americans could not talk to anyone. I began to get curious about what would happen next. There were Americans still held hostage sixty-nine days later. Six Americans snuck out the back door because going through any other door would not have been a success. I wondered where they would go.They went to a safe place with a marrie d couple. I was happy the couple wanted to help them back to their freedom state. When the Iran’s noticed they were missing six Americans I knew they would try their best to find them. I felt as if they Guy Tony were a strong man to try and save those six Americans. He could have been home with his wife and little boy instead he wanted to help. Tony missed his son’s call and when he was able to call back no one was home. That was heart touching because he loves his family.Tony sent his son a happy birthday card and that was great. He watched television with his son also when they were on the phone some nights. Tony’s wife and son missed him a lot. The streets of Iran were dangerous. I could not visit that place because they obviously do not like Americans at all. Once I seen the bodies hanging from the cranium machinery my heart dropped. Those people do not deserve to die the way they did. Also the large Army trucks the Iranians drove around in was terrifying to me.They had these harsh facial expressions as they would stare at you into your eyes. When Tony introduced himself as Kevin Hartkins to the six Americans they were not excited at all. I would have been cautious because they were taking a chance with their lives. Each of the Americans was very afraid and I could tell by their facial expressions. They did not know if they would be alive nor die because Tony was a random guy saying he is going to rescue them. When the CIA did not want to help Tony I felt it was wrong because those were innocent people.I think Tony played his part well to defend the six Americans. Even when they would not help him he kept striving to set those people free. I was so anxious when they made it to the airport. The Iranians were staring at their passports for a long time which made me sit at the end of my chair as I continued to watch. I thought they were not going to be able to leave the airport because the Iran police said the Argo movie had to be verifie d. Luckily they made it through and I was happy.It was a relief for me when the pilot made the announcement, â€Å"Clear of Iran. † Overall Argo was a great movie and each of the Americans was set free. It was well put together by the director and cast members. Argo was an enjoyable yet thrilling movie. There were a couple times I was on the edge. I was eager to see what would happen next. Also I was frightened that the Americans were not going to make it back to the United States but they did. I would recommend watching this movie to see what our people go through.

The eNotes Blog Another Kind of Green How Studying Abroad Can Improve Your CollegeExperience

Another Kind of Green How Studying Abroad Can Improve Your CollegeExperience To study abroad or not to study abroad? Its a question that confronts college students on a frequent basis, introducing an inevitable flurry of related questions that plague us: when should I go? Where should I go? WHY should I go Well, in an attempt to help you tackle those questions for yourself, our editorial intern shares his experiences of studying abroad in Rome and lists the 5 things you will reap by the bucketload should you decide to take the leap (and take it from us, you definitely should!): You dont need to lose it to know that you had it good.  John Mayer puts it perfectly in his song Another Kind of Green, playing off the metaphor the grass is always greener on the other side. How many times in your life has it taken losing something to make you realize how good you had it? Although the song was referring specifically to relationships, this is true of so many other situations: a tough job, a class thats giving you a hard time, an initially socially awkward moment, drudging through practice for a sport Ive had this happen to me many times in life. Partly because Im a fickle person by nature and always second guess my decisions.   A girl I swore I wanted nothing to do with seemed like the greatest thing in the world the second I broke up with her. The one time this hasnt been the case is when I  studied abroad. This was the one time in my life that I knew I was having the time of my life while it was happening. Thats a really cool feeling to have. I remember FaceTimeing my mom while walking through the cobblestone streets of Trastevere (my neighborhood) with a huge smile on my face explaining my new life on the other side of the world (between her sobs and complaints that she missed me). Piazza Navona, Rome I lived and studied in Rome for four months the fall quarter of my senior year. I stepped foot for the first time into this unknown city and experienced a foreign culture, a brand new language, and a completely different way of life. Whats more, I knew no one on the other side. I made the trek from Los Angeles to New York to Rome all by myself, and nervously walked into my apartment and university solo. I felt like a freshman again. But I was rewarded. To say that I had the  time of my life  is an understatement. When people ask me how the experience of studying abroad was, its hard for me to speak words that do it justice. It was the most fun, unique, rewarding, and liberating time of my life. I can break up all my experience into five different aspects of my life that were satisfied like never before: 1. Culture:  Ive been a Southern California boy my whole life, growing up in Orange County, taking trips to San Diego, and attending college in LA. Ive ventured to other parts of the US, been to Mexico, but never have I  fully integrated  myself in another culture. The only way to do this is by living in another part of the world for an extended period of time, and opening yourself up to another cultures differences. It can be difficult at first I remember trying to ask for a cup of water at a pizzeria and the whole process took a full minute before the cameriere, or waiter, understood what I wanted. But this was perhaps the most rewarding part of my journey. Learning the ins and outs of a culture and its people allows you to rediscover yourself. I finally learned to dress appropriately; I stopped wearing athletic shorts and sweats to class and dressed like the Italians (although I refused to wear a jacket and scarf when its 75 degrees out like them).   Speaking the language with locals and soaking up all there is to know about life in Italy was invaluable. Experiencing the siesta or brief close in the middle of the day for shop owners to go to lunch was frustrating and unpredictable, but a natural part of life in Rome. Meals can seem like marathons at first; Italians sit down for several hours, with the focus on the gathering of friends and family rather than the consumption of food. Which brings me to my next point 2. Food:  The food in Italy is the best in the world. I dont think many would dispute this. Rome is in the heart of Italy, giving it both a tremendous history and   a solid blend of the different Italian dishes, from the seafood in the north to the pizza in the south. Every meal is a breathtaking roller coaster that  cannot  disappoint the taste buds. I found a new appreciation for dellacqua frizzante or sparkling water, and improved my cooking talents from poor to mediocre during this time (Ill just never be good). I could never get sick of a pizza margherita, although I did get to consume a wide variety of other foods in other parts of Europe while I was traveling.   And the gelato Regular ice cream will never satisfy you again! Tre pasti a pizzeria Gelato 3. Travel:  About every other weekend, my friends and I would pack up our backpacks (only one carry-on allowed), and take off (usually on RyanAir, a super cheap airline that can cost as low as 50 euros for a roundtrip flight!) for another part of Europe. This took careful planning and a few nights of staying cooped up in the apartment on the laptop with a couple Peronis. But now Ive seen every part of the world Im from (Italy, Germany, Ireland), as well as exploring other countries like Switzerland, Hungary, Spain, and England. Talk about adventures! Cliffs of Moher, Ireland 4. Friends: I was anxious at first about going to an unfamiliar place, attending an unfamiliar school, and speaking an unfamiliar language, let alone going with no one I knew! I was randomly placed into an apartment with seven other dudes, so I was hopeful that I would find someone I clicked with. Within a week, I had a tremendous group of friends and was stoked I hadnt bogged myself down with anyone from home. The experience would have been great either way, but making new friends with people who knew nothing about me was a great experience. I ended up meeting so many great people from all across the US and Europe alike, forming many great friendships. I still keep in contact with four or five of my friends from there, and if I had my wedding today a few of these people would be standing beside me. I learned more about myself and about what is important in life from these new friends than anyone else. I also picked up a few habits from them. My roommate was an avid guitar player so I developed up a new fascination for music, and picked up playing the guitar the day I was back in California. 5. Independence: I grew up more in my four months abroad than I did in four years of being at college. Fending for yourself, traveling on your own, protecting yourself from gypsies, doing your own laundry these were all new concepts to me that started to make me feel like the mature 22 year old I was supposed to be. Being away from mommy and daddy for four whole months was a new experience for me. Im by no means a mommas boy, but this time away from home was novel to me. However, I was never once homesick, and was eating up every second of studying abroad so much that I actually dreaded the return flight home (even with all the extra legroom a regular airline provides). I remember staying up til 4am, saying my last goodbyes and talking to my buds about our favorite restaurants, trips, laughs, and good times in Europe. Ive heard great things about peoples study abroad experiences from all over the world. No matter where you choose to study, I guarantee it will be a time you will remember, and that you will not come home the same person. I was told this and thought, how much can I really change? But after being back for a couple months, I realize Im not the same person, and Im extremely pleased with the changes (although my best friend, Derek, was a little freaked out at the woven necklaces I wear now). The grass IS greener on the other side of the world. Go study abroad. Once youre there, you wont look back or search for any other kind of green.   Take John Mayers advice.   Or just click here to hear a great song with some incredible guitar work. Stay tuned for parts two and three of Another Kind of Green, where Ill talk about tips to maximize your study abroad experience, as well as the process of readjusting to life back in the homeland.

Occupational lung disease is occupational asthma Essay Example

Occupational lung disease is occupational asthma Essay Example Occupational lung disease is occupational asthma Essay Occupational lung disease is occupational asthma Essay MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH CHEMICALS CAN CAUSE OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA Introduction Occupational asthma can be defined as a disease characterized by airflow restriction and/or airway hyper reactivity due to causes and conditions attributable to a peculiar occupational environment and non to stimuli encountered outside the workplace ( Bernstein et al. , 1993 ) . In most industrialised states, the most common occupational lung disease is occupational asthma and it was reported by Mantyjarvi et al. , 1992 that close to 200 agents are known to bring on occupational asthma. Chemical-induced occupational asthma is chiefly determined by the degree and manner of exposure to such chemicals. The mechanisms by which chemicals causes occupational asthma are non to the full understood and it is possible for common tracts to be shared. Some of the postulated mechanisms by which chemicals cause occupational asthma include immunological and non-immunological mechanisms. The immunological mechanism is non to the full clear but it can happen either through Ig E ( IgE ) dependant mech anism or non-IgE dependent mechanism. It was besides established from surveies that occupational asthma can be caused by more than one mechanism. Other postulated mechanisms include familial mechanism, pharmacological mechanism, neurogenic and airway redness ( Mapp et al. , 1994 ) . Compounds that cause occupational asthma can be classified into high molecular and low molecular weight compounds. Largely, low molecular weight compounds ( MW lt ; 1000KDa ) causes occupational asthma because they act every bit haptens as a consequence of adhering to bearer proteins and they besides contain chemically reactive groups ( Bernstein J.A 1996 ) . In contrast, bulk of high molecular weight compounds are either protein or carbonhydrate compounds unlike low molecular weight compounds that are largely chemicals. In this essay, much accent will be on the low molecular weight compounds because bulk of them are chemicals. Low molecular weight chemicals Some low molecular weight chemicals ( MW lt ; 1000 KDa ) are known as inducers of occupational asthma and are either IgE dependant or nons of low molecular chemicals that are IgE dependent include metals such as Ni, Cr and Pt, acerb anhydrides and pharmaceutical merchandises. Metallic elements Exposures to metals at work topographic point are known to do occupational asthma. Largely, when metallic compounds are inhaled, it can ensue in metal smoke febrility, bronchitis and chemical pneumonitis. Inhalation of metallic compounds at chronic degree consequences in chronic bronchitis, pneumonoconiosis and emphysema. Exposure to metals can happen at different occupational degree such as metallurgical industries, metal excavation, soldering and welding industries. Categorically, metals doing occupational asthma can be classified as ( 1 ) difficult metals, e.g. Co ( 2 ) passage metals, e.g. Zn, Cr, Ni ( 3 ) cherished metals e.g. Pd and Pt. Chromium exposure to chromium salts are known to bring on occupational asthma. Contact dermatitis consequences when worlds are exposed to chromium salts in workplace such as cement and pigment production, tanning and electroplating. Occupational asthma as a consequence of Cr is noted and observed by a history of contact dermatitis ( Chang-Yeung et al. , 1994 ) . Besides, nickel-induced asthma may be enhanced by cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Nickel worlds are exposed to nickel at workplace such as smelting and refinement procedure, excavation, milling and electroplating industries. In open workers, nickel doing asthma is rare unlike Cr which causes contact dermatitis. It was reported that nickel-induced asthma consequences when workers are exposed to nickel sulfate ( Malo et al. , 1982 ) . In some instances, specific IgE antibodies to nickel-human serum albumen conjugate have been reported ( Malo et al. , 1982 ) . Furthermore, nickel induced asthma can be enhanced by cell-mediated hypersensitivity as a consequence of transformed lymph cell found in patients with nickel-induced asthma ( Kusaka et al. , 1991 ) . Zinc different illustrations of zinc-induced asthma are common following exposure to exhausts of Zn oxide. Workers exposed to zinc in steel fabrication and insect powder industries, welding of galvanized Fe and exhausts of Zn oxide are known to hold occupational asthma. Metal fume febrility with cough and breath shortness are reported symptoms of fume zinc oxide exposure. Platinum exposure to platinum salts are widely known to bring on asthma. Workers exposed to platinum in chemical industries, excavation and refinement procedures are reported to hold occupational asthma. The most widely known Pt salt which causes occupational asthma is the halide salts. Platinum salts were found in allergic workers with a positive tegument trial and the wireless allergosorbent trial processs are used to observe specific IgE antibodies ( Pepys et al. , 1972 ; Biagini et al. , 1985 ) . Acid anhydrides Acid anhydrides used in epoxy and alkyd rosins such as hexahydrophthalic, trimellitic, phthalic and tetrachlorophthalic anhydrides consequences in hypersensitivity reactions in open workers. They tend to adhere with endogenous proteins to organize conjugates with antibodies and besides act as haptens with the antibodies observing the haptens ( Zeiss et al. , 1993 ) . They can besides unite with self-proteins to bring forth new, carrier-dependent antigenic determiners with antibody uniting sites being directed against a conformational alteration in self-proteins ( Zeiss et al. , 1993 ) . Trimellitic anhydride when trimellitic anhydride are coupled with proteins, new determiners are induced which are antigenic in nature. This is really similar to when trimellitic anhydride induces specific IgE, IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies against hapten. Lung diseases such as asthma, pneumonic disease-anaemia syndrome, and coryza are caused as a consequence of high degree of exposure to trimellitic anhydride. Tetrachlorophthalate anhydride ( TCPA ) high exposure to TCPA at workplace has been reported to bring on occupational asthma. Workers exposed to TCPA-conjugate showed a high addition in specific IgE antibodies in a study carried out by Chang-Yeung et al. , 1994. The degree of exposure to TCPA is really of import as workers removed from exposure showed a lessening in IgE antibodies degree ( Chang-Yeung et al. , 1994 ) . It was besides reported by Chang-Yeung et Al that airway hyper reactivity was absent but several types of hypersensitivity reactions were induced. Non-IgE dependant chemicals The molecular mechanisms for low molecular weight chemicals which are nons of chemicals which are non-IgE dependent includes ; Diisocyanates Diisocyanates are chemicals which have N, C and O group. These groups are attached to a extremist and react with compounds such as polyglycols to organize polyurethane. They are extensively used in industries and are known as inducers of occupational asthma. They are low molecular weight compounds synthesised when there is a reaction between their hydrochlorides or aminoalkanes with phosgene. Pre-polymers of diisocyanates such as methylbenzene diisocyanate ( TDI ) , methyldiphenyl diisocyanate ( MDI ) and hexamethylene diisocyanate ( HDI ) are known to do occupational asthma. Chang-Yeung et Al ( 1994 ) reported that the most common cause of occupational asthma in many industrialised states is toluene diisocyanate. Furthermore, hypersensitivity reactions which are cell-mediated have been observed in open workers. Although the mechanisms of TDI-induced asthma is non to the full understood but it was reported that they show belongingss which are similar to that of ?- adrenergic encircle ment. Furthermore, MDI is besides an inducer of occupational asthma. Exposed workers seem to hold specific IgE and IgG antibodies which indicate sensitisation instead than a disease. The mechanism by which MDI induced occupational asthma is non to the full clear. HDI are extensively used in aircraft and car spray pigments and are more volatile than TDI. The mechanism by which HDI induced asthma is non clearly understood but instances of HDI exposure have been reported in literatures ( Bohner C.B. et al. , 1941 ) . Besides, intracellular glutathione lack can be induced by diisocyanates which in bends lead to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. The degrees of intracellular peroxide additions in workers exposed to diisocyanates and adhesion molecule in monocytic cell lines are expressed ( Elms J et al. , 2001 ) . Plicatic acid ( PA ) Plicatic acids are low molecular weight chemicals which are present in forests and are known to do ruddy cedar asthma ( Harris MG et al. , 1977 ) . The molecular weight of plicatic acid is 440 K Da. Allergen is formed when there is a junction between plicatic acid and human serum albumen. Patients with ruddy cedar asthma have been reported to involved in histamine release but recent surveies indicates that specific IgE antibodies are non responsible for the histamine release. Further surveies are required as the mechanism by which PA-induced asthma is non to the full understood. Amines Amines are widely used in primary and secondary fabrication industries such as cosmetics, hair dye, gum elastic and pelt industries ( Wernfors M et al. , 1986 ) . Quarternary, third and secondary aminoalkanes either aromatic or aliphatic are known as inducers of occupational asthma. The molecular mechanism by which asthma are induced by aminoalkanes still remain ill-defined. Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is a chemical that induce occupational asthma through non-immunological mechanisms. In lower concentrations, they serve as sensitiser and at high concentrations, they are thorns. Assorted surveies have been carried out to observe specific antibodies in open workers but they are yet to be successful but it was reported that degrees of bronchoconstriction between 1-2ppm were observed in open workers ( Nordman H et al. , 1985 ) . Decision Mentions Mantyjarvi J et al. , ( 1992 ) , IgG and IgE antibody responses to overawe dander and piss in husbandmans with cow-induced asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1992 ; 22: 83-90. Bohner CB et al. , ( 1941 ) , Sensitivity to gum acacia, with a study of 10 instances of asthma in pressmans. J Allergy 1941 ; 12: 290-294. Harris MG et al. , ( 1979 ) , Isocyanate asthma: respiratory symptoms due to 1,5 naphthylene diisocyanate. Thorax 1979 ; 34: 762-766. Wernfors M et al. , ( 1986 ) , Phthalic anhydride-induced occupational asthma. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1986 ; 79: 77-82. Chan-Yeung M et al. , ( 1994 ) , Aetiological agents in occupational asthma. Eur Respir J. 1994, 7, 346-371. Bernstein, I.L et al. , ( 1993 ) Definition and categorization of asthma. In: I.L, Bernstein, M. Chang-Yeung, J-L.Malo and D.I. Bernstein ( Eds ) , Asthma in the workplace, 1st Ed. , Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.1-4. Elms J et al. , ( 2001 ) , Mechanisms of isocyanate sensitization. An in vitro attack. Toxicol In Vitro 2001 ; 15: 631-634. Sastre J et al. , ( 2003 ) , Pathogenesis of occupational asthma. Eur Respir J 2003 ; 22: 364-373. Deschamps F et al. , ( 1998 ) , Mechanisms of occupational asthma induced by Isocyanates. Ann occup, Hyg. , Vol.42.No, 1.pp.33-36. Bernstein J et al. , ( 1996 ) , Overview od diisocyanate occupational asthma. Toxicology 111 ( 1996 ) 181-189. Map C.E et al. , ( 1994 ) , Mechanisms and pathology of occupational asthma. Eur Respir J, 1994, 7, 544-554. Malo JL et al. , ( 1982 ) , Occupational asthma caused by nickel sulfate. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982 ; 69: 55-59. Block GT et al. , ( 1982 ) , Asthma induced by Ni. J Am Med Assoc 1982 ; 247: 1600-1602. Kusaka Y et al. , ( 1991 ) , Lymphocyte transmutation trial with Ni in difficult metal asthma: another sensitising componenet of difficult metal. Ind Health 1991: 29: 153-160. Pepys J et al. , ( 1972 ) , Asthma caused by the complex salts of Pt. Br J Ind Med 1945 ; 2: 92-98. Biagini RE et al. , ( 1985 ) , The diverseness of reaginic immune responses to platinum and palladium metallic salts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985 ; 76: 794-802. Nordman H et al. , ( 1985 ) , Formaldehyde asthma: rare or overlooked? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985 ; 75 ; 91-99. Agius R.M et al. , ( 1991 ) , Structure activity hypothesis in occupational asthma caused by low molecular weight substances. Ann. Occup. Hyg. Vol 35, No.2.pp 127-137.

Risk management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk management plan - Essay Example The risk management strategy also explains and outlines specific responsibilities that the campaigners should take into consideration in responding to various threats posing dangers for their project. The campaign on elimination of violence against women is has risks associated with it whereby it focuses on the fight for a specific gender group, which puts of the other gender in any participation to the campaigns Violence against women is commenced and administered by men; hence a campaign towards the eradication faces a major problem in the family set up whereby the male is in charge and feels justified to cause violence whenever necessary for example in those countries that women are regarded to be submissive to their husbands regardless of the situation. The campaign has a major problem on fiscal issues following that it is a not-for-profit move, which solely depends on the donations from well-wishers and donors. Procedure of creating a competition to determine the donors contribu ting the highest amount publicly on online communities such as Facebook or twitter is also a problem involved with the campaign. This specific Campaign pose a problem in such a way that they are more focused on reaching the persons on the social network whereas the majority population is well covered by mass media including radio and TV networks. The other main problem is the specific choice of the donations from the funds solicited during the campaigns as other areas which face violence on women will fill not considered; hence not fill adequate to participate on the walk day as well as through the campaigns. Finally, the campaign is time consuming and involving following posting daily blogs and pictures on the social networks and elimination of violence against women website respectively, making regular donations, and participating in the August delegation The unruly of publicly display of donors lies in the fact that those donating small donations will fill inadequate to continues supporting the campaign once the highest are rewarded. Consequently, the campaign should encourage more on the importance of any donation no matter how small it is instead of setting up competitions for donors. In addition, this competition is prone to divert the peoples focus from the main theme of campaigning towards the elimination of violence against women to a winning competition. However, it is important to recognize those who donates high amount of funds, not by rewarding them, but issuing them a public certification to feel honored, which is a great strategy to motivating more potential donors. The problem of finance in the campaign strategy is evident from the fact that the success of the commencement of the campaign depends solely on the analysis of what it will achieve in terms of soliciting funds for the walk. The virtual walk to be scheduled prior to the final walk day campaign has a challenge following its financial requirement to make it a success, which will make do nors fill like there are two walks for the day marking elimination of violence against women. To avoid this, the campaign should focus more on convincing individual to fund the walk on the actual day and encourage the mass the

A Successful Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A Successful Leader - Essay Example Leadership is so important for the success of the organization because it also deals with the changes that an organization faces both with in the organization as well as in the external environment. In the present world of continuous change and constant innovation, the essence of proper leadership is felt like never before. The leader ideally, should not only plan and strategize to achieve the organizational objectives but also he should be the person, to whom his team would refer at any unforeseen happenings. The leader should be able to change the pre-determined path, if necessary, and still continue motivating his sub-ordinates and achieving the desired goal. As changes in the organizational environment as well as the external environment are taking place constantly, a leader should plan his strategies keeping the factor in to consideration. Defining leadership in the periphery of words has been a tough job even for the modern management thinkers as leadership is more about convincing others to do a certain thing in a certain way to achieve the desired output. Deborah Allen has defined leadership in the following words, â€Å"A leader is someone who can visualize a better world in the future and is able to convince others to join him/her on the journey† (Family and Community Medicine. n.d.) In the words of Majorie Bowman, â€Å"Leadership means making a difference, creating a positive change; providing the impetus that creates an atmosphere of change that improves the world, or at least the small part of the world around us and is characterized by sustained action over time.† From the definitions of the above it can be deciphered that leadership is all about motivating and convincing the group of subordinates (or followers, as the case may be) towards the achievement of the desired goals and objectives. It has been discussed earlier that

The Cold War and it's Aftermath Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Cold War and it's Aftermath - Term Paper Example Instead, political, economical, and ideological differences among the world nations eventually led to the formation of two distinct blocs, the Western and the Eastern. Eventually, the whole world became under the threat of an imminent war between these blocs. But both the Western and Eastern blocs did not try to indulge in a direct fight. Instead, global arm race and ideological conflict became the focal point of the Cold War. Thesis statement: The Cold War resulted in political conflict, military conflict, ideological conflict and global arms race, and eventually led to the decline of communism, growth of capitalism, growth of the U.S. as a global superpower, and the rapid spread of democracy. One can easily identify the fact that the political ideologies of the Western and Eastern blocs were entirely different. To be specific, the political ideology of the Western bloc was democracy. On the other side, the Eastern bloc was deeply influenced by Communist ideology. This fundamental d ifference eventually led to political propaganda and political conflict. Richard Saull states that â€Å"The Cold War, then, was not a genuine international conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, but primarily a relationship that facilitated each side in its attempts to realize its goals within its own sphere of influence.; for the United States, this was the dominance of the postwar capitalist order and for the USSR the internal security of the rule of the CPSU.†1 To be specific, both the blocs considered that political propaganda is an easy way to influence nonaligned nations. The Eastern bloc under USSR began to influence the neighboring nations and considered that the Western bloc is an imminent threat to their political interest. On the other side, the Western bloc under the U.S. began to influence the European nations. This initiative to divide the whole world nations into two blocs resulted in long lasting political conflict in America, Europe, and As ia. Military conflict The military conflict within the context of Cold War was limited to the context of threatening each other by exhibiting military superiority because both the sides possessed nuclear arms. Besides, both the sides were aware of the possibility of large scale destruction and its economic burden. So, the Western and the Eastern blocs strengthened their military forces, but did not try to attack each other. But the Suez Crisis (say, in the year 1956) the Cuban Missile Crisis (say, in the year 1962) and the â€Å"Able Archer† NATO military exercises (say, in the year 1983) led the whole world to suspect the possibility of military conflict during the Cold War. In short, military coalition and deployment of military forces was common during the Cold War era. Ideological conflict As pointed out, ideological difference was one among the grass root level reasons behind the Cold War. To be specific, the ideological conflict during the Cold War era was between commu nism and capitalism. Raymond P. Ojserkis makes clear that â€Å"A wide variety of other disagreements existed as well, many stemming from the Soviet distaste for the American vision of a postwar world dominated by relatively free trade (with currencies pegged to dollar) and elected governments.†2 One can see that the communist nations under the leadership of USSR tried to install the spirit of communism among their allies. This eventually led to the global propaganda against capitalism. On the other side, the Western bloc under the leaders

Toyota Goes Green Essay Example for Free

Toyota Goes Green Essay With the high costs of fuel and the environment dwindling. Companies have started going green to help reduce cost and find alternative to the natural burdens of the economy by using eco friendly services and products. Car companies like Toyota have gone green to look for another alternative to rising fuel prices and better gas mileage. With their introduction of the Prius, Toyota has become the world’s leading car manufacturer. The Prius also helps out by being environmentally friendly. Hybrid cars like the Prius are designed with an electric motor that is mixed with a gasoline engine that lets drivers get above average gas mileage. â€Å"Existing models get 47 to 60 miles per gallon, depending on where youre driving. Toyota claims you can drive its 2004 Prius from Detroit to Washington on a single tank of gas â€Å"(U. S. A Today, 2007) Toyota has not only made cars to prove that they are going green but they also incorporate ways to save money and save the environment. In an article in the Times magazine it states â€Å"What matters more than one car model,† says the article, â€Å"is the efficiency Toyota brings to all aspects of its business a corporate philosophy that strives to exterminate waste†. Toyota can use a single production line to make several car types, which means it has cut energy use by 30 per cent since 2000. †(Times, Jan 11) Toyota has made a huge financial impact by choosing to design and sell economic friendly products. â€Å"In Toyotas case, green also refers to the color of cash; this month the carmaker announced that between December, 1997, and May, 2007, it sold more than 1 million hybrid cars worldwide. †(Janna, R) The auto industry has made a major impact by producing these hybrids. Toyota is not the only maker of hybrids like the Prius. Honda started the craze by being the first car company to produce the Hybrid vehicle which was called the Honda Insight. The Honda Insight was introduced in 1999 and provided lower gas emissions. Soon Toyota caught on to the craze of hybrid vehicles by making the Prius, the Highlander, and now even the new Camry is a hybrid car. Other car companies like Ford and General Motors have noticed the financial impact and are said to roll out new hybrid vehicles with in the next three years. The environment has been effected tremendously by companies going green. Like the car companies that have gone green other companies have also gone green by trying to find other alternatives for rising fuel costs. It is not only the rising prices of fuel for cars that the economy is focusing on. Energy companies have also joined the cause to go green and fight the rising cost of fuel for electricity. Energy companies are trying to save money while expanding their markets by using less fossil fuel and making products and services that are more economically friendly. â€Å"With energy prices trending higher, the threat to the bottom line continues to grow. That’s made the motivation for conserving fuel more compelling. Some 65 percent of U. S. companies think that escalating energy prices pose a potential roadblock to their companys growth over the next 12 months, according to a survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers in the fourth quarter of 2005. †(MSNBC, 2007) Other companies such as Cargill which is in the global food processing business have started to use their waste into new energy. Using meat scraps they have been able to develop a methane gas that has allowed the company to save money by replacing the high cost of natural gas. Electricity companies have started to use alternatives such as ethanol and wind energy to power the world’s energy. â€Å"U. S. ethanol production hit nearly 4 billion gallons last year, according to the U. S. Energy Information Administration. Nearly 100 ethanol plants are in operation, another 33 are under construction and nine are being expanded, according to the Renewable Fuels Association. â€Å"(MSNBC, 2007) â€Å"Wind energy is also getting a lift. Though it makes up just a half a percent of U. S. energy consumption, its the fastest growing sources of renewable energy in terms of usage and capacity. One big reason is the dramatic cost per kilowatt of producing electricity with wind making it much more competitive with fossil fuels. †(MSNBC, 2007). I can not make any recommendations on what should have been done since I think the rising new technology and the eco friendly products and services are helping cut costs while helping the World clean up the environment. I look forward to the new innovation since these costs are sky rocketing every day. I can only hope that average people like us get the much deserved break that we need. (2007) â€Å"Companies going green with energy alternatives â€Å"Retrieved on November 27, 2007, from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/12040418/ (2007). Times Magazine Jan 11†Going green is natural for some† Retrieved on November 28, 2007, from http://www.timesonline. co. uk/tol/life_and_style/career_and_jobs/graduate_management/article1291095. ece U. S. A. Today, Block, S Your Money (2007)†Going green with car can save you some green at tax time† Retrieved on November 29, 2007, from http://www. usatoday. com/money/perfi/columnist/block/2004-01-13-ym_x. htm Reena, J (2007) â€Å"The business benefits of going green† Retrieved on November 29, 2007, from http://www. businessweek. com/innovate/content/jun2007/id20070622_491833. htm? chan=innovation_innovation+%2B+design_green+design.